Residents of Mykolaiv collect clean water from a distribution station set up by the International Committee of the Red Cross on Oct. 1.

Residents of Mykolaiv collect clean water from a distribution station set up by the International Committee of the Red Cross on Oct. 1. / NPR

MYKOLAIV, Ukraine — The southern Ukrainian city of Mykolaiv is surrounded by water. The Buh River wraps around the shipbuilding port before spreading into the Black Sea. But ever since Russian missiles ruptured the two pipelines that supplied the city's municipal water system, on the same day in mid-April, Mykolaiv's residents have struggled to access clean water.

Ukrainian officials say the attack was a deliberate and successful attempt to cut off the city's water supply. The massive pipes carried water more than 40 miles from the Dnipro River into the city's pumping stations.

The building housing Mykolaiv's regional government, bombed early in the war, lies in ruins on Sept. 29. Governor Vitaliy Kim says he knew he was the target

The building housing Mykolaiv's regional government, bombed early in the war, lies in ruins on Sept. 29. Governor Vitaliy Kim says he knew he was the target "because it was my window," and says he survived because he was late for work that day. Thirty-seven of his colleagues died in the bombing. / NPR

The problem Mykolaiv faces now is that those pipelines stretch across territory that Russian forces occupied soon after their February invasion of Ukraine. Russia still controls that area, making it impossible for municipal workers to repair the ruptured conduits.

Prior to the war, Mykolaiv was a city of roughly half a million people. Officials now estimate that about half that number remain. For the past five months, residents have been collecting clean water from tanker trucks and water distribution points set up by the city and the International Committee of the Red Cross.

The new normal in Mykolaiv

At a series of taps set up on a sidewalk in downtown Mykolaiv, 58-year-old Natalie Rosental is strapping two large plastic jugs of water to the rack of her 10-speed bicycle.

Natalie Rosental, 58, leaves a water distribution station in Mykolaiv on Oct. 1. She rides her bicycle just over a mile each day to fetch water for her family.

Natalie Rosental, 58, leaves a water distribution station in Mykolaiv on Oct. 1. She rides her bicycle just over a mile each day to fetch water for her family. / NPR

Rosental says she rides just over a mile each day to fetch water for her family. "I'm used to it!" she says cheerfully. "It's good exercise."

Most businesses have shut down in Mykolaiv. Missiles strike the city nearly every day. Getting water has become a daily chore, but Vitali Kim, the regional military administrator, says people simply put up with it.

"We don't have a choice," he says. "We are trying to live our common life in such difficult circumstances."

A man looks at a damaged residential building after shelling in Mykolaiv on Oct. 1. One woman died in the attack.

A man looks at a damaged residential building after shelling in Mykolaiv on Oct. 1. One woman died in the attack. / AFP via Getty Images

The ICRC hauls water to several sites in tanker trucks and then stores it in galvanized tanks. Residents of all ages bring plastic jugs of all sizes to fill at the taps. There are young boys. Old women. Men load jerrycans of water into cars.

There are now more than 70 clean water points set up in the streets of Mykolaiv. One of the largest ICRC stations has 10 spigots. Others are just single hoses dangling off the back of tanker trucks.

Volunteers distribute water out of the back of a cargo van on a sidewalk in Mykolaiv on Monday.

Volunteers distribute water out of the back of a cargo van on a sidewalk in Mykolaiv on Monday. / NPR

No real alternatives

Borys Dudenko, the general director of the Water Supply Company of Mykolaiv, says fixing the pipes that the Russians blew up back in April would be relatively easy — but his maintenance workers can't cross the front lines to do the work.

"We tried to reach an agreement to allow us to repair the water supply lines," he says. "We asked the Red Cross, the United Nations, to participate in negotiations with both sides. But unfortunately, there were no negotiations. Everything failed."

Concerned about the public health risk of not even having water for toilets, city officials have been desperate for a solution. Dudenko says building new pipelines from, say, the Buh River on the west side of the city was an appealing prospect, but it would be expensive and take months. They didn't have the money or the time.

Water tanks contain clean water delivered by truck at a Mykolaiv kindergarten that now houses people who fled the occupied Kherson region.

Water tanks contain clean water delivered by truck at a Mykolaiv kindergarten that now houses people who fled the occupied Kherson region. / NPR

They decided instead that their best option was to tap into an existing industrial pipeline that was pulling water out of an estuary on the Black Sea.

"The amount of salt in this water, however, is almost like in the real sea," he says. "That's why we have many problems with this water. We call it 'aggressive water.' It damages steel pipes, pumps and other devices."

This "aggressive water" that now flows through the city's pipes is yellow, salty and smells a bit like a swamp. Residents say they don't even wash their dishes with it.

Relying on the military's southern offensive

Dudenko says the water company is in a difficult position. Ukraine's southern military offensive may soon wrest back control of the pipeline. But if it doesn't, Mykolaiv is facing a winter with people fetching and lugging water through the city's frozen streets. And Dudenko says every day the salt water runs through Mykolaiv's system, it eats away at the pumps and pipes.

He says they're studying building an alternative viaduct, while hoping Ukraine's military advance will make that unnecessary.

And not everyone is as cheerful about Mykolaiv's water situation as Natalie Rosental, who views it as exercise.

Galina Teliukh, 62, carries drinking water back to her apartment the morning after the top floor of her apartment building was hit by a Russian missile. She says the water that flows through the pipes now is salty and she won't even wash her clothes in it.

Galina Teliukh, 62, carries drinking water back to her apartment the morning after the top floor of her apartment building was hit by a Russian missile. She says the water that flows through the pipes now is salty and she won't even wash her clothes in it. / NPR

"The water is salty and it smells bad," says Galina Teliukh, describing the water that comes out of her taps. "We can't even wash our clothes in it."

Teliukh is carrying four bottles of drinking water that she just got from a humanitarian aid distribution hub. Teliukh's apartment building had been hit the night before by a Russian missile, killing one resident.

A man fills water bottles from a fountain in Mykolaiv on Oct. 1. The fountain was built at the end of the 18th century at the summer palace of Prince Grigory Potemkin. Some residents say it is still good for drinking, but others are only using it for cooking and cleaning.

A man fills water bottles from a fountain in Mykolaiv on Oct. 1. The fountain was built at the end of the 18th century at the summer palace of Prince Grigory Potemkin. Some residents say it is still good for drinking, but others are only using it for cooking and cleaning. / NPR

"I wish them all to die, all Russians," she says. She suggests that poisoning might be a good method.

"I'm so angry with [Russian President Vladimir] Putin," she says. "Why do the Russian people let him do this to us?"

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Tags: Mykolaiv  water supply  water  Ukraine  Russia  Series: The Ukraine invasion, explained