The former president of Spain's soccer federation, Luis Rubiales, passes a police van as he leaves a court appearance in Madrid on Friday.

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The former president of Spain's soccer federation, Luis Rubiales, passes a police van as he leaves a court appearance in Madrid on Friday. / AP

Updated September 18, 2023 at 12:39 PM ET

Luis Rubiales has been at the center of an international firestorm since he placed an unwanted kiss on the mouth of star Spanish soccer player Jenni Hermoso at the Women's World Cup final on August 20.

Rubiales, who was then president of Spain's soccer federation, RFEF, claimed the kiss was mutual and that Hermoso had consented. Hermoso says that is "categorically false."

"I felt vulnerable and a victim of an impulse-driven, sexist, out of place act without any consent on my part," she wrote in a statement.

Suspended by FIFA, pressured by the federation and under investigation by Spanish prosecutors, Rubiales resigned his position on September 10. But the legal proceedings against him are just beginning, and the World Cup victors aren't satisfied with the changes so far at the Spanish federation.

Here's where things stand:

The accusations against Rubiales

Rubiales appeared in Spanish court for the first time on Friday, after Hermoso submitted a formal complaint against him, prompting state prosecutors to formally accused him of sexual assault and an act of coercion, The Associated Press reports. Rubiales denied any wrongdoing.

Judge Francisco de Jorge issued a restraining order against Rubiales, barring him from being within 200 meters (656 feet) of Hermoso. State prosecutors had asked for a 500-meter ban and a requirement for Rubiales to check in with a judge every 15 days, but the judge rejected that, as well as Hermoso's attorney's request for Rubiales' assets to be frozen, the AP reports. De Jorge is conducting the preliminary investigation in the case and will decide whether it will go to trial, per the AP.

Spain's Jennifer Hermoso reacts after missing a scoring chance during the Women's World Cup in New Zealand on July 31, 2023. Hermoso has said that

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Spain's Jennifer Hermoso reacts after missing a scoring chance during the Women's World Cup in New Zealand on July 31, 2023. Hermoso has said that "at no time" did she consent to a kiss on the lips by Luis Rubiales. / AP

Rubiales' court appearance came less than a week after he announced his resignation as president of the soccer federation. It also followed an announcement by FIFA that it was provisionally suspending Rubiales from all soccer-related activity for 90 days while it conducts disciplinary proceedings against him.

In a post on X from an account that appears to belong to Rubiales, a statement said: "After the swift suspension carried out by FIFA, plus the rest of the procedures opened against me, it is evident that I will not be able to return to my position."

"I have faith in the truth and I will do everything in my power to make it prevail," the statement continued.

RFEF confirmed his resignation.

Meanwhile, Spain's Sport Administrative Court has opened its own case in the matter, investigating complaints of "serious misconduct," alleged abuse of authority and "public acts that violate sporting dignity or decorum," Reuters explains. The court could find Rubiales unfit to hold future office.

What exactly happened at the World Cup?

Spain's victory over England — the first ever World Cup title for the women's team — was supposed to be a moment of triumph. But it was quickly overshadowed by Rubiales' actions.

During the tournament's medal ceremony, the Spanish squad proceeded through a receiving line that included Rubiales. As he greeted Hermoso, Rubiales hugged the star forward tightly, then pulled her head toward his face and kissed her firmly on the lips.

Luis Rubiales has been denounced and now faces possible legal repercussions for kissing Spanish player Jennifer Hermoso on the mouth during the medal ceremony following Spain's victory in the final of the Women's World Cup in August.

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Luis Rubiales has been denounced and now faces possible legal repercussions for kissing Spanish player Jennifer Hermoso on the mouth during the medal ceremony following Spain's victory in the final of the Women's World Cup in August. / SPP/Sipa USA via Reuters Connect

Video also showed Rubiales making a crotch-grabbing gesture in the dignitaries box just after Spain's win over England, a few feet away from Spain's Queen Letizia and her teenage daughter, Princess Sofia.

After the match, Rubiales was in the locker room, where he announced to the team that they will all be going to Ibiza and then said: "There we will celebrate the wedding of Jenni and Rubiales."

The furor over his behavior began immediately, and Hermoso says the federation continuously pressured her to make a statement in support of Rubiales' actions. Rubiales at first waved away criticism of his behavior, then offered an apology. Then, at an emergency meeting of the federation on August 25, he repeated five times "No voy a dimitir" – I will not resign.

What are the consequences Rubiales is facing?

Spain made changes to its laws on sexual assault last year, following an uproar over a gang-rape case in 2016.

Under what's known as Spain's "Only Yes Is Yes" law, a non-consensual kiss can be considered sexual assault, the BBC explains. Rubiales could face a fine or a prison sentence of one to four years if he's found guilty of sexual assault.

He'll certainly take a financial hit. Rubiales resigned from two highly paid positions: president of the Spanish soccer federation, as well as his post as vice president of UEFA, the European soccer body. He was reportedly paid $688,462 in 2021 by the Spanish federation, as well as an annual salary of $270,000 by UEFA.

What's happening with the Spanish women's national team?

After Rubiales initially refused to resign, the entire Women's World Cup-winning team and dozens of other Spanish players put out a statement calling for structural changes and said they would not play for Spain while the current leaders were in place.

The federation then fired women's coach Jorge Vilda, who had been close with Rubiales and already the subject of a player rebellion last year. To replace him, the federation announced that the team's new head coach would be Montse Tomé. Tomé was an assistant coach to Vilda, and is the first female coach to lead Spain's women's team.

Tomé announced on Monday the 23-person squad for the team's first matches since the World Cup. Fifteen of the players were on Spain's World Cup roster. Spain will face Sweden and Switzerland in the UEFA Women's Nations League, as the process of qualifying for the 2024 Olympics begins.

Hermosa is not on the roster for the upcoming matches. "We stand with Jenni ... we believe that the best way to protect her is like this, but we are counting on Jenni," Tomé said, according to Reuters.

Tomé had been set to announce the roster on Friday, but that was postponed amid reported further discussion between the players and the federation. Players including Hermoso and midfielder Alexia Putellas posted a statement that day, signed by 39 players — including almost the entire World Cup squad – outlining changes they demanded from the federation.

Players with Hermoso's club team, Pachuca, hold a banner reading in Spanish

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Players with Hermoso's club team, Pachuca, hold a banner reading in Spanish "we are with you Jenni", ahead of a match in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico on Aug. 25. The kiss by Luis Rubiales has unleashed a storm of fury over gender equality, and now looks set to go down as a milestone in both Spanish soccer history but also in women's rights. / AP

Among their demands were a restructuring the women's soccer organization, the presidential cabinet and General Secretariat; the resignation of the RFEF president (now Pedro Rocha); and restructuring of communications and marketing as well as integrity management.

It's not clear whether the players are satisfied. But Tomé said that she has spoken to all of the players from the World Cup squad and expects them to report to training camp on Tuesday, the AP reports.

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A demonstrator holds a red card reading in Spanish

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A demonstrator holds a red card reading in Spanish "it is over" during a Sept. 4 protest against Luis Rubiales in Barcelona. / AP