At the center of the case is the school system in Montgomery County, Md., the most religiously diverse county in the U.S., with 160,000 students of almost all faiths.
At issue is whether school systems are required to allow parents to opt their kids out of classes because of religious objections to classroom materials.
In a brief order, the court directed the Trump administration not to remove Venezuelans held in the Bluebonnet Detention Center in Texas "until further order of this court."
Trump issued an executive order on day one of his administration that sought to limit birthright citizenship, an idea widely considered a fringe view because the Supreme Court ruled to the contrary 127 years ago, and that decision has never been disturbed.
NPR's Michel Martin talks with constitutional scholar Kim Wehle about President Trump's refusal to demand the return of a wrongly deported Salvadoran national, despite a Supreme Court order.
The Supreme Court ordered the administration to "facilitate" the return of Kilmar Armando Abrego Garcia, who was mistakenly taken to El Salvador and remains in custody there.
The Supreme Court's stay, which allows the administration to execute the firings for now while it litigates in federal court, does not mean the terminations were lawful.
The order marks a win for the Trump administration, even if temporary, and it could well be a harbinger of things to come as the administration continues to clash with federal courts.
By a 5-4 vote, the justices allowed the administration to freeze millions of dollars in grant funding for diversity and instructional programs at public and private universities.
The Supreme Court heard arguments on whether South Carolina can remove Planned Parenthood clinics from its state Medicaid program, even though those funds cannot generally be used to fund abortions.
At issue is whether a state, in this case, South Carolina, can remove Planned Parenthood clinics from its state Medicaid program, even though Medicaid funds cannot generally be used to fund abortions.
A chapter of Catholic Charities in Wisconsin contends it should be exempted from the state's unemployment compensation system because it's a charitable organization with a religious mission.
The case is nearly identical to a case the court ruled on two years ago from Alabama, though the outcome could make it more difficult for minorities to prevail in redistricting cases.