"This activity had the hallmarks of a well-resourced and persistent operation, while obfuscating who's behind it," Facebook said, adding that the malware spread to about 500 people in seven countries.
The intellectual heart of China's Muslim community is under threat as scholars, writers, religious leaders and their families are under constant state surveillance.
The centers have apparently been built and expanded since 2019, even as Chinese officials claimed most of the ethnic Uighurs and others sent to the facilities had "returned to society."
The Trump administration's penalties are meant to punish China for its treatment of Uighurs and Muslim minorities in the region, and target a Politburo member for the first time.