Migrants are at the border checkpoint at Bruzgi, Belarus, and Kuznica, Poland, on Wednesday. They are caught in a border crisis between Belarus and its EU neighbors that began to escalate earlier this month.

Migrants are at the border checkpoint at Bruzgi, Belarus, and Kuznica, Poland, on Wednesday. They are caught in a border crisis between Belarus and its EU neighbors that began to escalate earlier this month. / TASS via Getty Images

For months, the government of Belarusian leader Alexander Lukashenko has accelerated the number of visas it grants migrants seeking refuge from war and poverty in the Middle East, Africa, Asia and beyond.

But the visas aren't being issued with the intention of letting the migrants stay in Belarus. Officials in European Union countries say Lukashenko is doing this as a ploy to send large numbers of migrants to Poland and other EU members that border Belarus in retaliation for the bloc's economic sanctions.

The EU has hit the Lukashenko regime with several rounds of sanctions since last year, accusing him of stealing his country's 2020 election as well as ordering violent crackdowns on his opponents and other rights abuses of citizens.

A man holding a child wipes his eye as the Kurdish family from Dohuk in Iraq waits for the border guard patrol, near Narewka, Poland, near the Polish-Belarusian border on Nov. 9. The three-generation family of 16 — with seven minors, including the youngest who is 5 months old — spent about 20 days in the forest and was pushed back to Belarus eight times.

A man holding a child wipes his eye as the Kurdish family from Dohuk in Iraq waits for the border guard patrol, near Narewka, Poland, near the Polish-Belarusian border on Nov. 9. The three-generation family of 16 — with seven minors, including the youngest who is 5 months old — spent about 20 days in the forest and was pushed back to Belarus eight times. / AFP via Getty Images

After securing what are typically seven-day visas and paying agencies from $3,000 to $6,000 for passage they are told will take them to the European Union, migrants have boarded flights to the Belarusian capital of Minsk, where they're escorted to the Belarusian border with Poland. Once there, Belarusian soldiers have helped migrants climb over the razor-wire fence that marks the border.

Migrants stand in front of Belarusian servicemen as they gather in a camp near the Belarusian-Polish border in Belarus' Grodno region on Sunday. Polish officials said dozens of migrants were detained that day after crossing into Poland from Belarus.

Migrants stand in front of Belarusian servicemen as they gather in a camp near the Belarusian-Polish border in Belarus' Grodno region on Sunday. Polish officials said dozens of migrants were detained that day after crossing into Poland from Belarus. / BELTA/AFP via Getty Images

In response to thousands of migrants traveling this route, Poland has declared a state of emergency and has sent more than 20,000 security personnel to its border with Belarus.

Migrants at the Belarusian-Polish border in the Grodno region, in Belarus, watch a helicopter overhead on Nov. 8.

Migrants at the Belarusian-Polish border in the Grodno region, in Belarus, watch a helicopter overhead on Nov. 8. / BELTA/AFP via Getty Images

Thousands of migrants are living in tent villages on the Belarusian border with Poland. They're trapped between Belarusian soldiers encouraging them to enter Poland and Polish soldiers pushing them back to Belarus.

Poland's Defense Ministry said Tuesday that migrants stranded on the Belarusian side of the border threw stones at Polish soldiers, who responded with tear gas and water canons. Migrants have reported physical abuse from security forces on both sides of the border.

United Nations agencies have called on authorities to respect the rights of migrants and refugees under international human rights and refugee laws.

Several migrants have died from sleeping in the freezing conditions of the forests and wetlands that make up the border region, and several humanitarian groups have tried to provide water, food and legal advice to them.

Now, the EU is preparing its fifth round of sanctions on officials in the Lukashenko regime as well as the airlines that have provided travel to migrants.

A group of migrants are seen near the Belarusian-Polish border in the Grodno region, in Belarus, on Saturday. Western countries have accused the Belarusian regime, which is backed by Russia, of engineering the crisis in retaliation against EU sanctions, charges that Minsk has denied.

A group of migrants are seen near the Belarusian-Polish border in the Grodno region, in Belarus, on Saturday. Western countries have accused the Belarusian regime, which is backed by Russia, of engineering the crisis in retaliation against EU sanctions, charges that Minsk has denied. / BELTA/AFP via Getty Images

In response to the threat, several carriers, including Turkish Airlines, have refused to provide travel for Iraqis, Syrians and Yemenis on its flights to Belarus.

Migrants collect their belongings before leaving a camp in Grodno, Belarus, and heading toward the border crossing into Kuznica, Poland, on Monday.

Migrants collect their belongings before leaving a camp in Grodno, Belarus, and heading toward the border crossing into Kuznica, Poland, on Monday. / BELTA/AFP via Getty Images

A picture taken on Nov. 12 shows migrants in a camp on the Belarusian-Polish border in Belarus' Grodno region. The presence of troops from both sides has raised fears of a confrontation.

A picture taken on Nov. 12 shows migrants in a camp on the Belarusian-Polish border in Belarus' Grodno region. The presence of troops from both sides has raised fears of a confrontation. / BELTA/AFP via Getty Images

A migrant boy reacts in a tent camp on the Belarusian-Polish border. Since the start of 2021, migrants have been heading to the border of Belarus with Poland, Lithuania and Latvia.

A migrant boy reacts in a tent camp on the Belarusian-Polish border. Since the start of 2021, migrants have been heading to the border of Belarus with Poland, Lithuania and Latvia. / BELTA/TASS via Getty Image

Migrants have a meal in a camp near the Belarusian-Polish border in the Grodno region on Saturday.

Migrants have a meal in a camp near the Belarusian-Polish border in the Grodno region on Saturday. / BELTA/AFP via Getty Images

Mourners place their hands on the grave of Ahmad al-Hasan, 19, during his burial at the Muslim cemetery of the local Tatar community on Monday in Bohoniki, Poland. Hasan, from Homs, Syria, drowned in the Bug River while attempting to cross from Belarus into Poland on Oct. 19. There are reports of at least 11 migrants having died in recent months while trying get into Poland from Belarus.

Mourners place their hands on the grave of Ahmad al-Hasan, 19, during his burial at the Muslim cemetery of the local Tatar community on Monday in Bohoniki, Poland. Hasan, from Homs, Syria, drowned in the Bug River while attempting to cross from Belarus into Poland on Oct. 19. There are reports of at least 11 migrants having died in recent months while trying get into Poland from Belarus. / Getty Images

Migrants warm themselves by a fire in a camp on the Belarusian-Polish border in the Grodno region, in Belarus, on Sunday. Some migrants say they were beaten and frightened with dogs by Belarusian soldiers.

Migrants warm themselves by a fire in a camp on the Belarusian-Polish border in the Grodno region, in Belarus, on Sunday. Some migrants say they were beaten and frightened with dogs by Belarusian soldiers. / BELTA/AFP via Getty Images

A polish police officer checks a bus near the border to Belarus, that was closed because of a large group of migrants camping in the area on the Belarus side who had tried to illegally push their way into Poland and into the European Union, in Kuznica, Poland, Friday, Nov. 12, 2021.

A polish police officer checks a bus near the border to Belarus, that was closed because of a large group of migrants camping in the area on the Belarus side who had tried to illegally push their way into Poland and into the European Union, in Kuznica, Poland, Friday, Nov. 12, 2021. / AP

A Lithuanian soldier patrols a road near the village of Jaskonys, in Lithuania near the border with Belarus, Saturday. EU members Poland and Lithuania say they are struggling to cope with an unusually high number of migrants arriving at their borders with Belarus in recent months.

A Lithuanian soldier patrols a road near the village of Jaskonys, in Lithuania near the border with Belarus, Saturday. EU members Poland and Lithuania say they are struggling to cope with an unusually high number of migrants arriving at their borders with Belarus in recent months. / AP

Trucks line up at motorway 65 on their way to the Polish-Belarusian border between Bialystok and Bobrowniki, Poland, Sunday.

Trucks line up at motorway 65 on their way to the Polish-Belarusian border between Bialystok and Bobrowniki, Poland, Sunday. / AP

A migrant receives medical attention in a camp on the Belarusian-Polish border in the Grodno region, in Belarus, on Nov. 12.

A migrant receives medical attention in a camp on the Belarusian-Polish border in the Grodno region, in Belarus, on Nov. 12. / BELTA/AFP via Getty Images

A migrant sits in front of a fire in a camp near the Belarusian-Polish border in the Grodno region, in Belarus, Sunday.

A migrant sits in front of a fire in a camp near the Belarusian-Polish border in the Grodno region, in Belarus, Sunday. / BELTA/AFP via Getty Images

Migrants gather to receive humanitarian aid in a camp on the Belarusian-Polish border in the Grodno region, in Belarus, on Nov. 12. Hundreds of desperate migrants are trapped in freezing temperatures on the border.

Migrants gather to receive humanitarian aid in a camp on the Belarusian-Polish border in the Grodno region, in Belarus, on Nov. 12. Hundreds of desperate migrants are trapped in freezing temperatures on the border. / BELTA/AFP via Getty Images

Migrants gather on the Belarusian-Polish border near the crossing at Kuznica, Poland, on Monday.

Migrants gather on the Belarusian-Polish border near the crossing at Kuznica, Poland, on Monday. / BELTA/AFP via Getty Images

International correspondent Rob Schmitz reported from Poland and Germany; photo editor Marco Storel edited the images.

Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.

Tags: Lithuania  migrants  refugees  European Borders  Belarus  poland  European Union  Immigration