The marble slab that had been stored for over 130 years turns out to be a list of young men who finished the ephebate, a year-long civic and military training for young men.

The marble slab that had been stored for over 130 years turns out to be a list of young men who finished the ephebate, a year-long civic and military training for young men. / National Museums Scotland

Updated June 7, 2022 at 4:16 PM ET

Researchers in the United Kingdom have found that an ancient Greek inscription on a 2,000-year-old marble tablet is actually something resembling a yearbook for a graduating class, according to a new translation.

The inscription sat in the National Museums Scotland collection for over 130 years without being properly looked at until researchers discovered the document, according to Peter Liddel of the University of Manchester.

"This is one of a small number of inscriptions in Scotland, one of three ancient Athenian inscriptions in the city of Edinburgh, so it's absolutely exciting," Liddel told NPR's All Things Considered.

Liddel is on the editorial committee of the project Attic Inscriptions Online, which published the new translation on May 31.

He referred to the inscription as a concise "class book," which lists the names of young men within a cohort who finished their year-long civic and military training in what was called the ephebate.

Researchers listed 31 names. Some of them are nicknames, such as Theogas for Theogenes and Dionysas for Dionysodoros. Using their shortened names was unusual, the researchers said, and likely indicates the graduates had a sense of camaraderie. They believe the 31 names are a subset of the full class, which was probably about 100 men.

The end of the inscription translates to "of Caesar," which refers to the emperor Claudius, the fourth ruler of the ancient Roman Empire from A.D. 41 to 54. The phrasing means the inscription was made during his reign.

Liddel said it's not often researchers uncover new ancient Athenian inscriptions, especially in the U.K. They fist assumed it was a copy of an already-existing inscription in Oxford, England.

"When we looked a bit closer at this inscription, we discovered that it was in fact a new document, something quite different from anything known before," Liddel said.

Attic Inscriptions in UK Collections, a British-funded research project that's part of Attic Inscriptions Online, works with collections across the U.K. to find, examine, edit and translate Athenian inscriptions that they make accessible online.

Liddel said this inscription and other types of museum collections help form part of the jigsaw of ancient history.

"We don't have objective accounts of ancient history," Liddel said. "What we have to do is piece together ancient history from the fragments that exist, and this is one of those."

Lauren Hodges and Patrick Jarenwattananon produced and edited the audio version of this story.

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