Segment B: Chemical Bonding
Segment B: Chemical Bonding
In this segment, the students learn about chemical bonds, Lewis dot diagrams, and ionic bonds.
Science
Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the chemical and physical properties of matter resulting from the ability of atoms to form bonds.
Plan and carry out an investigation to gather evidence to compare the physical and chemical properties at the macroscopic scale to infer the strength of intermolecular and intramolecular forces.
Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the use of the modern atomic theory and periodic law to explain the characteristics of atoms and elements.
Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms (i.e. including atomic radii, ionization energy, and electronegativity).
Construct an argument by applying principles of inter- and intra-molecular forces to identify substances based on chemical and physical properties.
Develop and use models to evaluate bonding configurations from nonpolar covalent to ionic bonding.
Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to explain how atoms bond to form stable compounds.
Analyze and interpret data to predict properties of ionic and covalent compounds.
adhesion - the tendency of molecules to stick to substances that are dissimilar.
anion - a negatively charged ion.
cation - a positively charged ion.
chemical bond - an electrical interaction between the positively charged nuclei and the negatively charged electrons of atoms that forms when the force of attraction is stronger than the force of repulsion.
cohesion - the action or property of like molecules sticking together, being mutually attractive.
covalent bond - a bond in which pairs of electrons are shared between atoms, instead of being transferred from one atom to another.
double covalent bond - a bond in which atoms share two pairs of electrons.
electronegativity - the ability of an atom to attract additional electrons.
electrostatic force - a force in which oppositely charged particles are attracted to each other, while like charges repel each other.
intermolecular forces - the attractive forces acting between molecules.
intramolecular bond - a bond that is occuring within a molecule.
ion - an atom with a positive or negative charge.
ionic bond - a bond that occurs between atoms, through the transfer of electrons, when a positively charged atom and negatively charged atom are attracted to one another.
molecule - a group of atoms that have chemically bonded and behave as an individual unit.
nonpolar covalent bond - a bond that forms between atoms in which their electrons are shared equally.
octet rule - when an ion or an atom has eight valence electrons, it is at its most stable electron configuration.
polar covalent bond - a bond in which electrons are shared unequally between atoms.
single covalent bond - a bond in which atoms share only one pair of electrons.
triple covalent bond - A bond in which atoms share three pairs of electrons.
valence electrons - the electrons found in the outermost electron shell of an atom.
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