The Soyuz MS-22 rocket is launched to the International Space Station with Expedition 68 astronaut Frank Rubio of NASA, and cosmonauts Sergey Prokopyev and Dmitri Petelin of Roscosmos onboard, on Sept. 21, 2022, from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

The Soyuz MS-22 rocket is launched to the International Space Station with Expedition 68 astronaut Frank Rubio of NASA, and cosmonauts Sergey Prokopyev and Dmitri Petelin of Roscosmos onboard, on Sept. 21, 2022, from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. / NASA/Bill Ingalls

Updated February 24, 2023 at 9:03 AM ET

Russia's space agency launched a mission early Friday to provide a ride for two cosmonauts and one U.S. astronaut who are on the International Space Station without a designated ship to get home.

The spacecraft that brought the three crew members to the ISS in the fall later experienced a leak in its radiator cooling loop, and officials from both countries had to develop a new plan to get the trio back to Earth.

Here's a brief overview of what's happened so far:

A Russian spacecraft suffered a coolant leak in December

NASA astronaut Frank Rubio and Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Prokopyev and Dmitri Petelin arrived at the International Space Station in September aboard the Russian spacecraft Soyuz MS-22, which remained docked at the space station.

On Dec. 14, as Prokopyev and Petelin were preparing to embark on a planned spacewalk, an external coolant leak was discovered on the MS-22, NASA said.

Following an investigation into the leak, Roscosmos engineers determined that the craft wouldn't be viable for a normal return mission to Earth. It would still be available in the case of an emergency evacuation from the space station.

A Roscosmos official suggested the leak probably occurred when a small meteoroid collided with the ship's radiator, The Guardian reported.

Russian and U.S. space officials began working on an alternate scheme to return the three crew members to Earth.

A separate leak stymied the first attempt

The new plan was to launch an uncrewed Soyuz MS-23 spacecraft to the ISS on Feb. 19, giving the astronaut and two cosmonauts a functional vessel to fly home in.

But that plan was soon paused after another coolant leak was discovered in a separate vessel on the ISS.

An unpiloted Russian cargo ship called Progress 82 that was docked at the space station suffered an unexplained depressurization of its coolant loop on Feb. 11.

The leak on Progress 82 was not connected to the planned rescue mission, but it prompted engineers at the Russian Mission Control Center near Moscow to investigate why the cargo vessel lost coolant and postpone the launch of the MS-23.

Russian officials have approved the mission for this week

The Soyuz MS-23 launched on Friday, and is expected to reach the space station by Sunday, the Associated Press reported. The craft was expected to carry roughly 948 pounds of cargo to the space station, including food and equipment for experiments.

Rubio, Prokopyev and Petelin will then fly home in the MS-23 in several months. They were originally scheduled to leave by late March, but NASA said in January that their missions would now last until September.

Russia's state commission also decided to return the damaged MS-22 vessel to Earth without a crew, TASS said, so that engineers can examine it.

Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.